Af: Peter Larsen<\/p>\n\n\n\n
David Ricardo (1772-1823) var en engelsk \u00f8konom, der bl.a. interesserede sig for international handel. Han mente at hvis handelen var fri, alts\u00e5 uden told, vil kapital og arbejdskraft i hvert land blive anvendt der, hvor det er mest givtigt. At udnytte landets individuelle fordele vil h\u00e6nge smukt sammen med det f\u00e6lles bedste for \u2019the universal society of nations throughout the civilized world.\u2019 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dette princip g\u00f8r, if\u00f8lge Ricardo, at vin skal laves i Frankrig og Portugal, at korn skal dyrkes i Amerika og Polen, og at maskiner og andre varer skal fremstilles i England. Det skrev han om I sin bog \u2019On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation\u2019 der blev udgivet i 1817.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
David Ricardo om vin og kl\u00e6de i Portugal og England<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n If Portugal had no commercial connexion with other countries, instead of employing a great part of her capital and industry in the production of wines, with which she purchases for her own use the cloth and hardware of other countries, she would be obliged to devote a part of that capital to the manufacture of those commodities, which she would thus obtain probably inferior in quality as well as quantity. David Ricardo siger her, at hvis man ikke har handel mellem lande, m\u00e5 det enkelte land fremstille alt selv \u2013 og m\u00e5 dermed acceptere b\u00e5de f\u00e6rre varer og d\u00e5rligere varer. Som eksempel ser han p\u00e5 produktion af vin og kl\u00e6de i Portugal og England. Vi forestiller os at der i England skal 120 personer til at producere 100 enheder vin og 100 personer til at producere 100 enheder kl\u00e6de, mens der i Portugal skal 80 personer til at producere 100 enheder vin og 90 personer til at producere 100 enheder kl\u00e6de. Umiddelbart ser det ud til at det kan svare sig for Portugal at producere det hele selv.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Men s\u00e6tter vi hele arbejdskraften til at producere kl\u00e6de i England, og hele arbejdskraften til at producere vin i Portugal f\u00e5r vi faktisk samlet mere kl\u00e6de og mere vin ud af det.<\/p>\n\n\n\n I England fremstiller 100 personer 100 enheder kl\u00e6de. 220 personer kan s\u00e5 fremstille 100\/100*220=220 enheder kl\u00e6de.<\/p>\n\n\n\n I Portugal fremstiller 80 personer 100 enheder vin. 170 personer kan s\u00e5 fremstille 100\/80*170=212,5 enheder vin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n England og Portugal kan s\u00e5 bytte 100 enheder kl\u00e6de for 100 enheder vin hos hinanden, og oven i k\u00f8bet hver have et overskud!<\/p>\n\n\n\n Selvom Portugal har en absolut fordel i fremstilling af b\u00e5de vin og kl\u00e6de i forhold til England kan det alts\u00e5 svare sig at landet specialiserer sig i det produkt, hvor det er relativt bedst \u2013 hvor landet har en komparativ fordel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hvilket problem ville Ricardo l\u00f8se? Citatet er fra ‘On the Principles<\/em>..’ som du kan finde her: https:\/\/www.econlib.org\/library\/Ricardo\/ricP.html?chapter_num=8#book-reader<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Af: Peter Larsen David Ricardo (1772-1823) var en engelsk \u00f8konom, der bl.a. interesserede sig for international handel. Han mente at hvis handelen var fri, alts\u00e5 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":38,"menu_order":4,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-212","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/idehistorier.dk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/212","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/idehistorier.dk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/idehistorier.dk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idehistorier.dk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idehistorier.dk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=212"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/idehistorier.dk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/212\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":383,"href":"https:\/\/idehistorier.dk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/212\/revisions\/383"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/idehistorier.dk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/38"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/idehistorier.dk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=212"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\n
The quantity of wine which she shall give in exchange for the cloth of England, is not determined by the respective quantities of labour devoted to the production of each, as it would be, if both commodities were manufactured in England, or both in Portugal.
England may be so circumstanced, that to produce the cloth may require the labour of 100 men for one year; and if she attempted to make the wine, it might require the labour of 120 men for the same time. England would therefore find it her interest to import wine, and to purchase it by the exportation of cloth.
To produce the wine in Portugal, might require only the labour of 80 men for one year, and to produce the cloth in the same country, might require the labour of 90 men for the same time. It would therefore be advantageous for her to export wine in exchange for cloth. This exchange might even take place, notwithstanding that the commodity imported by Portugal could be produced there with less labour than in England. Though she could make the cloth with the labour of 90 men, she would import it from a country where it required the labour of 100 men to produce it, because it would be advantageous to her rather to employ her capital in the production of wine, for which she would obtain more cloth from England, than she could produce by diverting a portion of her capital from the cultivation of vines to the manufacture of cloth.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<\/td> England<\/strong><\/td> <\/td> Portugal<\/strong><\/td> <\/td><\/tr> <\/td> Arbejdskraft<\/td> Enheder<\/td> Arbejdskraft<\/td> Enheder<\/td><\/tr> Vin<\/td> 120<\/td> 100<\/td> 80<\/td> 100<\/td><\/tr> Kl\u00e6de<\/td> 100<\/td> 100<\/td> 90<\/td> 100<\/td><\/tr> Samlet produktion<\/td> <\/td> 200<\/td> <\/td> 200<\/td><\/tr> Vin<\/td> <\/td> <\/td> 170<\/td> 212,5<\/td><\/tr> Kl\u00e6de<\/td> 220<\/td> 220<\/td> <\/td> <\/td><\/tr> Samlet produktion<\/td> <\/td> 220<\/td> <\/td> 212,5<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Hvad var Ricardo’s l\u00f8sning?
Hvilke fordele er der ved l\u00f8sningen? Ulemper?<\/p>\n\n\n\n